Migraine Headache and the Risk of Depression.

BACKGROUND:  Migraine is a primary headache and a complicated neurological disorder with sensory and autonomic abnormalities. Many variables, including genetic and psychological ones, contribute to migraine onset and development. Anxiety and depression are typical psychiatric comorbidities among migraineurs. This kind of comorbidity increased migraine chronicity, treatment effectiveness, and the likelihood of additional comorbidities. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of depression among Saudi migraine sufferers in AlAhsa. METHODS:  Descriptive cross-sectional research of 101 migraine patients at King Fahd Hospital-Hofuf, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia from May to December 2021. Depression was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire which is a reliable tool (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 measures the presence and severity of depression. Consider sociodemographic, clinical, and individual variations that impact migraine development and prognosis.  Results: The inclusion criteria were satisfied by 94 migraine patients in total, with a mean age of 36.9 ± 9 years and they are predominantly females 75.5%. The majority of the participants (76.6%) were on medication to relieve migraine attacks and only 13.9% reported that >75% of attacks were relieved by medication. Almost all of the patients (96.8%) used to drink coffee and tea. The prevalence of depression and migraine was revealed to be 42.6% mild and 8.5% severe among the participants. Four statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) were young age, being female, low level of education at higher risk to have depression compared to another group of migraineurs. CONCLUSION:  A neurological disorder that commonly causes disability is migraine. Numerous studies have shown that mood disorders and migraines are often co-occurring, and these individuals are more likely to have a migraine-related disability. This research has shown that it is beneficial to prevent psychiatric comorbidity by using PHQ-9 as a regular screening tool for migraine patients.

The porins from the halophilic species Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii and Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata.

Major outer membrane proteins with porin activity were isolated from cell envelopes of the halophilic strains Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii N1 and Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata beta1. The porins were obtained as oligomers. They dissociated into monomers by heat or EDTA treatment. The molecular masses of the monomers were determined by mass spectrometry to be 39,285 and 37,160 Da for E. shaposhnikovii N1 and E. vacuolata beta1, respectively. Both were shown by analytical ultracentrifugation to be trimers of about 112, 000 Da. Circular dichroism spectra indicated predominantly beta-sheet structure. The 18 N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two porins were identical except for the amino acids in positions 12 and 14. No sequence similarity with the primary structure of known porins was found. In reconstitution experiments with lipid bilayers, the porins of E. shaposhnikovii N1 and E. vacuolata beta1 formed channels with a single-channel conductance of 1.5 and 0.7 nS, respectively, in 1 M KCl. The single-channel conductance saturated with increasing salt concentration, indicating a putative binding-site for anions in the channel since both porins exhibited anion-selectivity. For the porin of E. vacuolata beta1, but not for that of E. shaposhnikovii N1, an influence of detergent concentration on the single-channel conductance was observed.

Estudios sobre contaminación del agua en la Bahía de Valparaíso / Study on water pollution in the Valparaiso Bay

Se estudia la contaminación biológica y química en la Bahía de Valparaíso (Chile) producida por las aguas residuales de las ciudades de Valparaíso y Viña del Mar y por el río Aconcagua. Se determina la contaminación microbiológica por metales pesados por técnicas electroquímicas. Asimismo, se identifican las bacterias alóctonas, se determina su resistencia a antibióticos y su tolerancia a metales pesados. Se concluye que existe una alta contaminación microbiana en la zona de muestreo y un incremento de los metales pesados, siendo el catión Cu (II) el de mayor concentración. Los resultados proporcionan información de la contaminación durante un período de tiempo prolongado, que permite conocer variaciones estacionales. Por otra parte, este trabajo tiene importancia en Salud Pública y en el establecimiento de soluciones sanitarias y ambientales

Calidad bacteriológica del agua en playas de Valparaíso y Viña del Mar: III. Contaminación ambiental / Bacteriological quality of water in beaches of Valparaíso and Viña del Mar: III. Ambiental contamination

Se determina la contaminación microbiológica del agua de mar, en las playas más importantes de la Bahía de Valparaíso utilizando indicadores bacterianos. Coliformes totales y coliformes fecales se utilizaron como indicadores siguiendo los procedimientos de "Standard Methods". Se realiza una comparación de las técnicas de enumeración entre la fermentación de tubos múltiples y la técnica de filtración por membrana. Los resultados son expresados como media geométricas, para cada una de las estaciones estudiadas. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados obtenidos y la significación que podría tener en relación a la salud pública

Ultrastructural features of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in tracheal explants under transmission and stereoscan electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural features of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in tracheal explants were examined using the transmission and stereoscan electron microscope. The organisms were characteristically cocco-bacilliform except when in close contact with the host cells when they assumed an elongated and irregular form characteristically terminating in a bleb which was often embedded in the cell surface. In such organisms there were peripherally aligned fibrillar structures oriented towards the bleb which may have a functional relationship with a probing or moving habit of the mycoplasma.